I could be wrong, but I think Enterprise was the only show that routinely just disabled weapons/engines and left ships drifting in the dead of space rather than blowing them up.
Regardless, I think what happened with the pirate ship here was a failure of communication across the scripting and the VFX team. I wouldn't be surprised if the original just specified the bridge ordered them to fire on the ship, and then the VFX team decided to make it as big/cool of an explosion as possible.
Though TBH we don't actually see the entire ship vaporize. I'm guessing when Braka comes up again later in the season he will have some of the same henchmen, not a new team. Possibly his ship wasn't even destroyed.
This kind of thing is present throughout the episode tbh.
Ops calls out 12 contacts but VFX only made 5. Tactical fires 12 torpedoes at those 5 contacts and manages to only hit 1 (why not fire phasers AND torpedoes?!). I think the VFX folks got their "12" mixed up.
Ops also calls out tachyon readings 100,000 km to port, then we see that the programmable matter mines (which were hidden by the tachyon readings) are actually off the starboard bow of the ship, not the port bow. They're also about 10 km away, not 100,000.
This type of disconnect between the script and the VFX department really shouldn't be as egregious as this, but here we are (and these were just the glaringly obvious ones...).