T'Girl
The pattern buffers overload aka they can only store the large volume of information needed to transport a single person for a few seconds/minutes before the information looses coherence, being lost. See DS9: Our man Bashir
Permanently storing the large volume of information needed to exactly 'replicate' thousands of compunds is not feasible with federation technology.
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Yes. This is common Trek knowledge that a transporter can only hold a pattern for so long under normal conditions (with the exception of Relics and Day of the Dove). She knows this fact. The point she was trying to make is that the transporter even with it's temporary immense data storage capabilities is not a replicator. I mean, why doesn't the replicator just replicate real seeds for a nearby garden instead of replicated synthesized veggies? Surely, one little seed is not going to take up all that much space in the data storage as a live animal or human being. The thing is that we don't see any hint that the replicators have made any attempt at being more advanced than they are under any circumstance. I mean, we know that there is not enough storage on a starship or a space station to hold a handful of people. But wouldn't the Federation have some type of server farm the size of large city to hold such storage on some planet somewhere? We already know it is possible to hold a pattern in the buffer because Scotty had done it. Why wouldn't the Federation immediately start digitizing the patterns of cows to duplicate at a moments notice at one of these large holding facilities somewhere? Well, it's because they would only get a return of one cow per one cow deposited. They cannot duplicate the cow's pattern because they cannot figure out how to duplicate the freak conditions like they did in "Second Chances". Nor would the Federation want to. It would open up a giant can of moral issues for their perfect little club of allied aliens.
Anyways, the point is that the replicator is a piece of technology that is not capable of replicating living matter. Not just because of the data storage capacity problem. But because the replicator cannot replicate living matter. The only replicator that was able to replicate living matter was from the alien abductors in Allegiance. But that was their technology. Not the Federations.
So your theory that the transporter is like a replicator in the fact that it can create living matter is beyond the Federation's capabilities. The transporter doesn't replicate or create a new copy from a digital pattern; the transporter is a phasing machine that transforms a living person into energy and then converts it back into it's original state again (as if it was a car ride). And the physical body and it's kinetic energy transforms into never really dies because it continues on seamlessly (or uninterrupted) as a living energy being or state.
http://memory-alpha.org/wiki/Replicator

You know, T'Girl, our bodies are made up of water, carbon and a few other cheap elements. What makes us special is the information embedded in these elements - that's what makes us ALIVE.
Well, there are living energy beings that exist within Star Trek. Just because these type of aliens are made out of energy doesn't mean they are no longer alive by your definition. That is the same thing that happens to a person in the transporter. A person gets transformed into a living energy being or state and then gets converted back to his original form. Sure it may not make scientific sense. Then again there are a lot of things within Star Trek that don't make sense (scientifically). But they exist within the show none the less.
http://memory-alpha.org/wiki/Noncorporeal_being
However, maybe your right. Perhaps you do die when you get turned into an energy like state.
Then again...

Star Trek makes clear that the body is 'dematerialised' and then, in order to 'materialise' the copy, you need the information from the 'pattern buffers'. Once the body 'dematerialises', it looses this information aka DIES - that's why one needs 'pattern buffers' to retain the information in the first place.
Yes, it is true. If you remain in this energy state for too long, your bodily energy existence (i.e. pattern) will degrade under normal circumstances. Think of a person's pattern in the transporter pattern buffer as a way of making a person a temporary energy being before he is phased (re-materialized) back into his original form again.
I mean, it's not a coincidence there are two components used in the transporter that have the word phase in it.
http://memory-alpha.org/wiki/Phase_transition_coil
http://memory-alpha.org/wiki/Phase_discriminator
Dematerialising by transporter is equivalent to dematerialising by phaser - it kills you, reducing your body to a few random atoms/particles. Afterwards, at the 'beam down' site, a copy is constructed - it could be from new atoms/particles or the dematrialised atoms/particles. This doesn't change the fact that the original is dead - it was vaporized on the transporter pad."
I believe you cannot kill the essence of a person. There is going to be a soul and or a spirit body connected to the living energy or spark within the transporter buffer for it's eventual re-materialization back into physical form.
Just like the spark of a little energy ball impregnated Troi and became a child. Just like that dude from Transfigurations transformed from a human body and into an energy form. The transporter creates an energy state of a person in the buffer. However, seeing the transporter process is artificial and imperfect, a person (and his kinetic energy) can only exist or continue to stay alive for as long as the the energy spark can retain it's original molecular instructions (from the buffer) for re-materialization.
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