The writers said that they MOVED the planet. Not that they liked the name and decided to reuse it. Not that they thought it was a different planet with the same name. They MOVED it.
And I can imagine how it is the same planet with regards to climate. The Lithium Cracking Station was near the equator, NuKrk was near the pole. That part is easy.
If you;re going to the trouble to connect the new movie to the old canon then you play by the rules of that universe. Call it a reboot and you can make Vulcan a hot, steamy water world if you like since it's all new.
It's like the bible thumpers that like to pick and choose from Leviticus. All or none or you're a hypocrite. They should have just rebooted the whole thing and been done with it.
Don't overcomplicate things by misreading an obviously figurative the writers beyond the common-sense in-universe explanation.
What we know:
- A planetary body named Delta Vega, with an automated Lithium Cracking Station, was visited by the Enterprise in WNMHGB. This was fairly close to the galactic rim.
- A planetary body named Delta Vega also exists in the Vulcan system, as established in the movie.
- Both planetary bodies have different climates. (one desert, one mostly glacial)
- Other statements by the writers, and entire articles, indicate the Alternate Reality scenario heavily hinted at within the movie (Uhura: "An Alternate Reality", Spock Prime remembering Kirk's father being alive when Kirk took command of the Enterprise, Spock Prime revealing to Spock about having lied to Kirk by implication of a time paradox etc.)
So, if we use basic logic, we come to realize that the simplest explanation is the most likely one.
So, which is simplest?
- The writers completely lied with their lengthy explanation for how the movie fits with Canon, and Delta Vega was "moved".
- The writers were speaking Figuratively rather than Literally, about "moving" the planet, and there are now 2 planets called Delta Vega.