The seven red bursts represent the seven seals mentioned in the Book of Revelation.
The red angels are the seven angelic heralds of the apocalypse. Their "trumpet" call is what disrupted the Enterprise's systems, because they were not yet ready to receive the word in its pure form.
At first Starfleet believes the apocalypse to represent the end of all life in the galaxy, and indeed it is accompanied by some disastrous events leading up to it, but it will be discovered that it's actually a revelation of knowledge (the other meaning of the term apocalypse) about the origins of the universe, one that ties together multiple faith's creation myths (including the African folktale mentioned by Burnham) across multiple species and bridges the gap between faith and science.
Upon the "Lamb" opening a seal from the book, a judgment is released or an apocalyptic event occurs. The opening of the first four Seals release The Four Horsemen, each with his own specific mission.[6:1-8] The opening of the fifth seal releases the cries of martyrs for the "word/Wrath of God".[6:9-11] The sixth seal prompts earthquakes and other cataclysmic events.[6:12-17] The seventh seal cues seven angelic trumpeters who in turn cue the seven bowl judgments and more cataclysmic events.From Doug Jones' interview on TrekMovie
And these seven signals in the sky, scattered throughout the galaxy … every time we follow one, there’s something to be fixed, a catastrophe to be remedied. And are they connected? That’s a question.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_seals
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_trumpets#First_trumpet