This is probably because of UT's. So, there may not be huge emphasis on learning new languages as a result because within UFP, UT's don't really malfunction.
But I was surprised at least that non human species that serve in SF don't know/understand what is considered Standard (aka, English). One would think this would be a sort of requirement to be able to communicate with each other in case UT's go down (as its more likely to happen during an attack and technology can malfunction as a result).
Heck, if you're part of UFP in general, I think everyone would at least be encouraged to learn how to speak and write Standard at the very least.
The very word 'standard' implies that this is a common language in UFP... and as such one would hope/expect that it would be kinda mandatory to learn it once you become part of UFP.
I see the reasoning, but what many people don't seem to realise is that this would mean that Earth is by far the dominant member of the Federation, if it can force an obligation on others to learn one of Earth's languages while the same isn't true in reverse (i.e., Earth officers are not required to learn one of the languages of Vulcans, Tellarites or Andorians). OK, we could say that Starfleet really is an Earth institution (it started out as one and is still largely human-staffed) and so the requirement is not unreasonable, but OTOH it seems to be responsible for so much (including the bulk of the defense) within the entire Federation that entry of non-Earthers should not be impeded. And learning a language can be a real barrier, especially when languages within the Federation in general and Earth in particular would be so diverse that the UT would be doing overtime (and one would rarely hear conversations that were entirely native "standard"). Languages are learned by using them, hearing, speaking, writing. And that needs to be maintained or the knowledge slips (but not with Vau N'akat, I suppose).
Standard - I think the writers call it that way because that way, it can be whatever language the show is dubbed in (in the Spanish version, Fed Standard would be Spanish). But in practice, in-universe, "standard" may be limited to English being the official language things are documented in, the default setting of the consoles, etc, without a real requirement for general officers to learn it (with the possible exception of certain specialised or official functions - maybe it is expected of a Fleet Admiral, for example).
For Gwyn, being told about Solum was something of an important experience... it was something that she always wanted to know for one and it was deeply impactful.
Plus, we tend to memorize things very clearly when events are associated with emotional responses (good and bad).
So, I don't think it was that strange of Gwyn to recognize those constellations from Solum's holo and be able to determine its general location from that (she knows where to look for it, but doesn't know EXACTLY where it is - it will probably still take her a bit of time to locate Solum's exact location).
Also, she probably looked at stellar maps off screen at one point or another during the second half of the season (after recovering her memories) trying to determine where Solum was in case she needed to go there.
That she could have looked is true, but when her father was dying she specifically said that she didn't know where Solum was. So apparently, she didn't.
I also took a look at the scenes in the holo from S1e10, and I didn't even see any stars visible (maybe when the holo shifted from present day Solum to 50 years later, but that went by very quickly in a chaotic jumble). Gwyn apparently took a small element from that, from memory. And it's not like Soji and the moons of her home, those were prominent elements. Gwyn is looking at some Star clusters without properties that are immediately obvious to set them apart. While simultaneously taking in the main point of the demo (that city on Solum and its surroundings) and discussing/arguing with her father.
It does look interesting, a spiritual successor of the Intrepid-class with quantum slipstream. A vessel like this (whether taken from the game or an original but similar concept) could work as new hero ship, especially since the Dauntless-class has apparently validated the quantum slipstream drive and Starfleet might feel bold enough to not merely copy the Arturis' design in as much aspects as possible.
Which leaves me with the question what the show would do in S2 with the Protostar design, as they showed a brand new one but they may end up not using it. I guess Janeway could still run into the original Protostar on future-Solum, not launched into the anomaly yet. And maybe the Protogies and Chakotay end up escaping in that ship, to go straight to the other plotline (present Solum) with it (leaving Janeway, or merely the other vessel if she is with the others, to catch up later)?
Some surprising news about the original plan for this episode (I suppose when the draft for the S1 finale was first written and discussed among the writers):
https://www.cinemablend.com/intervi...-for-season-1s-finale-and-why-it-didnt-happen
So, David Mack convinced them not to end S1 with the Protogies being accepted into Starfleet Academy (which was the first idea). Casually, Kevin Hageman also confirms that a Starfleet Academy show is in the works (but not by them...) and that they want to cross into their waters. He also says that S2 can't just be classroom scenes after such an adventure filled S1 (but surely they would have thought of that before Mack talked them out of it?).
Anyway, the Protogies will have more hills to climb before they actually get into Starfleet Academy, and that will be part of S2 (the hills, that is, not necessarily getting into the Academy). I do get the feeling that if they do, the show may be over.
Speaking of which, still no indication a season 3 is being ordered. Should we worry about that? Animation has a long lead time, so they can't wait forever as some aspects of season 2 (writing) have been finished or are very close to it. Of course, for all we know they may be talking about a possible season 4 already (should they order two seasons at once, for the planning and to keep the costs down), but there is no indication that I know off whether or not the show is doing well for Paramount and Nickolodeon.