And of course, Andorians do it canonically in groups of four. (Has the TrekLit assumption that this means a four-gendered species made it into canon?
Nothing solid yet, but the recurring Andorian character whom Mariner has started dating on Lower Decks was revealed to have the full name of "JENNIFER SH'REYAN" as a nod to the TrekLit naming convention in the S2 episode "I, Excretus." (Memory Alpha lists her as "Jennifer Sh'reyan," though, whereas traditional TrekLit naming convention would capitalize it as "Jennifer sh'Reyan.") And of course longtime TrekLit Kirsten Beyer is a writer on Discovery and Picard, a producer on Discovery, Picard, and Strange New Worlds, and a co-creator of Picard. So there's a half-decent chance this might get "elevated" to canon one day.
And for the record, the Andorians have four sexes, not four genders. Presumably there could be genderqueer Andorians with gender identities outside of the zhen/shen/chaan/thaan paradigm.