Not necessarily. I think that, in principle, lasers could be used to carry heavy particles, which would do the actual damage. I don't remember exactly how that would work, but it could be a precursor to phasers that they still called "lasers" at the time.
In canon, we know of three uses of lasers: as cutting tools in "The Cage", as cutting tools in "Beside Yourself" (incidentally, the first-ever occurrence of visible laser beams in vacuum in Trek!) - and as outdated personal weapons in "A Private Little War", fitting into a continuum of muskets, breechloaders, machine guns, "old-style hand lasers" and then supposedly modern phasers.
Might be lasers ceased to be meaningful sidearms long, long before Pike's team had them as bayonets of sorts attached to their modern sidearms for cutting purposes. Might be Starfleet still thought lasers could serve as weapons, if just barely, in the 2250s.
Whether lasers ever played any role in starship combat, though... Fanon and RPGs liked to pair them with particle cannon in pre-TOS ships. Which is no problem as such, when modern technobabble essentially nails phasers as phased particle cannon anyway. The total lack of canon references to lasers need not be a showstopper there, as we saw plasma peashooters of some sort sorta-paired with phasers in early ENT, and again turrets firing white bolts paired with red beams in the Kelvin movies.
It's just that so far, starship laser have been (and remain) the one thing there has been no
need to include in this mess.
Might be they were there, and didn't make a difference. Weirder things have happened. Say, pneumatic dynamite guns as naval artillery...
Timo Saloniemi