No it "basically" isn't. "Starfleet" is not a species, and even in the 24th century "humanity" does not mean "Starfleet officers and/or their next of kin".
So it has nothing to do with Starfleet, it's just a human thing.
Yes, I'm aware that Starfleet is not a species. However, it
is a subculture of the Federation. For the people whose entire adult/working lives are spent in, and around, Starfleet, it can seem like the default way of living and therefore the only right and normal way.
I'm suggesting no human on a frontier world would NEED money, assuming of course it's a frontier world under Earth jurisdiction.
Right, because frontier worlds always have the up-to-date modern conveniences. That's why they're frontier worlds, and not older established worlds.

.
But what you NEED, and what you HAVE are not always the same thing. Jake's never needed money before, so he's never bothered to get any. Nog, on the other hand, comes from a place where money is EVERYTHING, and goes out of his way to make money because he figures some day he's going to need it.
I don't disagree with this.
Of course not. Neelix and Kes don't have any money either. Kes is a refugee and an outcast and Neelix is hyper-squirrel who was literally eating out of a giant garbage pile when they found him. NOBODY on Voyager has any money, which is why everything they do involves some sort of barter system.
When was it ever stated that Kes was an outcast? She got herself into trouble with the Kazon because she sneaked out of the Ocampa city to explore and found more than she bargained for (colloquially speaking). Your description of Neelix is offensive.
Yes, I am aware of why the ship economy on Voyager developed as it did: They were 75 years away from the nearest Federation bank, and suddenly the old system was rendered useless. So the replicator rations/holodeck "currency" was born. I've been pointing this out consistently around here for
years.
It's not the Starfleet line, it's the Human philosophy on Earth. It's obviously not all that applicable in places OTHER than Earth, far from Earth's post-scarcity society and single-payer economy. Get far enough out on the frontier where "all of the problems haven't been solved" as Sisko once puts it, and you're going to find out that none of the humans give a shit about all the work you did to better humanity, and that thing they just handed you on a data padd is your BILL, which must be paid in latinum, or else say goodbye to your kneecaps.
Yes, that's why Joe Sisko runs his restaurant - just for the fun of it, and not because it's a viable business.
Picard is basically part of the 1% of Earth in the 24th century in that he never needs to worry about ANYTHING. He will never go hungry, never want for shelter, health care, clothes, or anything else. His fault is that he thinks this is true of everyone else on Earth and he'll preach it to anyone who will stand still long enough to hear him say it.
You are not going to convince me that ALL humans on Earth think like Picard does. Evidently Sisko does, and Jake absorbed that attitude. It's not "I don't need money because Starfleet takes care of me" but rather "I don't need money because I'm HUMAN and we're just so enlightened that all we ever want is to better ourselves, blah... blah... blah...".
Evidently this line of preachy brainwashing didn't work on people like Vash, or Tom Paris. Sure, Tom Paris does eventually grow up to be a responsible officer, husband, and father, but he's always got this streak in his personality that figures there's really nothing all that wrong with trying to get ahead while still doing his job.
My objection is that you suggested that it was "Starfleet" that doesn't use money. That Earth, and the humans and aliens that live on it do. If that is true, then Jake would wholly unprepared for the way the rest of the Galaxy operates being a privileged Starfleet Brat who doesn't understand Currency Based Economics that is used by the rest of the Federation members and the nearby powers.
If Jake had not become friends with Nog and acquainted with the realities of societies that use currency and had this whole money concept explained to him, I think he would indeed have been completely unprepared for life outside of the shelter of Starfleet.
The scene I'm coming from doesn't suggest that. He suggests to Nog that as a civilian Human, he doesn't use money because civilian Human's don't need money.
So Jake could just walk in to any business on Earth, help himself to whatever he wanted, and walk out again? I rather doubt that.
The concept can be forgiven when Picard is preaching the Gospel to Lily because he was doing an in brief. He was on an invaded ship, talking to a person centuries behind his own world's progress. He was giving the "Short-Short Version."
Jake spouts off the Gospel and even reveals that he doesn't even understand what it means. He just says as a Human he doesn't need money because they better each themselves and the whole of Humanity, rather than have money.
Picard was preaching at Lily, just like he preached at the 20th century people they happened to find early on in the series. His whole manner was incredibly condescending, and I find it completely unrealistic to expect that the entire Federation runs like that, or even all of Earth. You're always going to find people who don't agree with this, and they're the ones who will either cause trouble or they'll head off to the frontier worlds or alien planets where they won't feel so stifled.
I'm not talking about Jake and the baseball card specifically. I'm talking about Jake's entire outlook in general. As I said: Picard would be so pleased with him for spouting the party line.