The idea of a scrawny, 98-pound weaking bulking up after getting injected with a special serum now has connotations that weren't an issue back in World War II . . . .
Very much doubt it. The comics got suckered into thinking that was an issue in the 1990s, but thankfully reversed course.
Cap's serum is no different than any of the other nerds who suddenly get superhuman powers (Peter Parker, for example).
If anything, the steroid thing is even more in the public eye now than it was back in the 1990s. And, in terms of visual imagery, there's a world of difference between being accidentally bitten by a radioactive spider--or exposed to cosmic rays in space--than deliberately getting a shot of performance-enhancing chemicals . . . .
The former are obviously sci-fi silliness. The latter is a little too true to life these days.