So, they're second-class citizens eternally stuck in menial roles under the supervision of Starfleet officers and unable to progress or develop because they're "not worthy". Real inclusive that...
Why would StarFleet or any armed services need Professionally trained Waiters or Barbers?
That's not what StarFleet is about.
Look at "
Mot the Barber". He worked on the USS Enterprise as a private civilian Barber in the Barbershop on the USS Enterprise-D.
What low ranking specialists?
You've specifically banned any specialists from Starfleet by insisting that anyone who enters has to get a broad education bachelor's degree before they're "worthy" but on a Starfleet uniform.
StarFleet Academy lets you specialize once you get in.
You can have a "Bachelor's in whatever speciality you want, be it security or medicine or engineering.
That's the whole point of integration.
Nope.
Specialist training only in your subject of interest isn't allowed. You have to take an America-style "broad education" Bachelor's Degree.
Then you have no idea of how the American-style "Broad Education" work.
You have your General Education requirements, those are easily taken care of in ~1-2 years.
They're not particularly hard either.
Then the rest of the time is focused on your speciality to get your Bachelor's in ___.
Yeah, but I bet that she didn't spend all four plus years stuck in a classroom learning only theory. Even where paramedics do require a degree for independent practice, they usually follow the "learn the basics, then go out into the real world and learn while getting experience" route.
She spent the majority of the time in a class-room before she went into the lab / field to do hands on work.
The issues of limiting gardeners to only civilians has the same problem, if not more so than waiters or barbers.
StarFleet doesn't need a professional Gardener on a StarShip or StarBase.
That's why we have Civillian Contracting, same with IRL military.
If you want to join, choose a subject that they need head count in; there are plenty of billets for those subject matters that they care about.
Gardening, Waitering, Hair Styling aren't one of those subject matters.
Same issue here.
To be clear, I actually agree that the hard ceiling that most modern militaries still have by default due to the different entry points is obselete and would require reform to be fit for purpose, but IMO a philosophy that allows anyone to contribute in their own way and develop themselves without artificially imposed limits is far more inclusive and desirable than one that creates a two-tier system regardless of the criteria used.
That's why I want to get rid of the concept of a divide between the (Commissioned & Enlisted|Non-Com)
That's literally a archaic British System that many militaries have followed.
A more universal "University | Trade Skills" model will allow the Academy Students to choose course / subject matters relevant to StarFleet Academy and it's mission goals.
Be it from the Scientific, Engineering, Command, Tactical, Medical, Diplomatic, etc routes.
There would be all sorts of routes needed to complete your goal as a StarFleet officer.
The student would pick once they enter StarFleet Academy.
Obviously there will be some common "General Education" requirements.
e.g.
CQC & CQB Combat Training 101 - Basics Competency in Hand-to-Hand combat and wielding standard projectile arms that StarFleet employ.
Piloting StarShip 101 - Basics of driving or piloting a StarShip, you don't have to be a master level, just your basic Drivers License equivalent for operating a Shuttle or Starship; so that once you're at the helm, you aren't a hazard to everybody around you.
We don't expect you to be at a professional level (Race Car Driver, Stunt Driver equivalent, Top Gun Ace Pilot). These are just basic core competencies. There are specialty tracks for those who want to train to be "Expert Level" proficient in piloting / operating a StarShip, Shuttle, StarFighter, etc.
General Basic Education in UFP/StarFleet History, Astronomy, Planetary Sciences, General Science, Math, Computers, Technology, Biology, etc.
All 101 level or Basics in most common fundamentals of things that you're expected to know before you ship out to the Stars in StarFleet.
One possible system for specialists and junior officers that combines elements of various systems could be:
Trainee/Cadet: New Entry undergoing initial theory instruction in their primary role. This assignment is held for no more than one year by default.
Crewman/Midshipman: After ITI, candidates are posted to assistant positions in the field to gain practical experience. Crewmen will complete their familiarisation in their primary role and retained "deployable" status, whereas Midshipmen will return to the Academy for undergraduate training. This period is variable but typically less than six months.
Warrant (Specialist) Officer: Crewmen are promoted to this rank automatically upon demonstrating the ability to work independently in their primary role. Further leadership courses may lead to promotion to Chief Warrant (Specialist) Officer, however WOs may also remain at this rank or pursue a wider undergraduate degree program for promotion to Ensign.
Chief Warrant (Specialist) Officer: Acts as leader of small teams within larger departments and up to Head of Department on smaller vessels. As with WOs, they may remain at this rank or pursue an undergraduate degree for promotion.
Ensign: Most Midshipmen are promoted to this rank after completion of their undergraduate degree at Starfleet Academy or equivalent Member World facility. Acts as Duty Officer or Assistant Head of Department when deployed.
Lieutenant Junior Grade: Select Midshipmen and Warrant Officers (and most CWOs) are promoted directly to this grade, otherwise Ensigns are promoted to this rank after their first tour. Acts as Duty Officer, Assistant Head of Department or Head of Department when deployed.
See above for the University model, but allow "Multiple Electives" and people to train in multiple jobs or proficiency.
Some people are able to be proficient in multiple departments, let them.
That's why Officers should have their "Primary Rank" in whatever subject matter they choose, but have "Warranted Ranks" in the other subjects that they excel in and continue to develop in as side skills.
See Julian Bashir taking StarFleet Academy Engineering Extension courses in Basic StarShip Operations.
He's trying to better himself by taking courses outside his primary field of speciality, which is medicine.
But to have basic competency in repairing the tech or tools he uses on a StarShip is invaluable.
Even if it's not at the same level as one of Chief O'Brien's assistants, it's better than having zero knowledge or skill on how the tech operates and how it needs to be fixed.
And with the Scheduling model that I prefer within StarFleet, there is plenty of extra time during the work week to train on side skills or jobs to make you well rounded since only ~60% of your time is focused on your primary job, the other 40% is on self training and training in other fields of speciality that aren't your primary focus. That allows StarFleet to develop the skills of every officer and make them well rounded.
Look at Janeway, before she was a Captain, she was a science officer with some engineering capability.
Look at Geordi LaForge, he started as a Pilot, went down the Engeering route and became Chief Engeer on the USS Enterprise, then eventually went command route as a Captain for a while before retiring into Admiralcy as Commodore in the Engineering Division. But I doubt Geordi ever lost his skills as a basic competency pilot or Engineer when he went down the command route.
Same with Captain Shaw, he was a Engineer before he became a Captain.
O'Brien was offered a teaching position at the academy at the end of DS9.
And, KamenRiderBlade, you've yet to provide any evidence that non-coms in Starfleet are treated lesser by anyone.
Outside of a few characters in TOS being Non-Coms and Chief O'Brien, most Star Trek doesn't even show the concept of Non-Coms or Enlisted services.
As for treatment, that's more of a current day issue, but the divide still exists. Eliminating that divide is what I want to see.
And O'Brien being offered a teaching position is smart, StarFleet Academy recognizes that rare special talents that is Chief O'Brien. And he has countless experience with Cardassian tech and making it work with StarFleet tech, that's a special set of skills.
We've seen Starfleet waiters in several shows and movies.
Most specifically there are uniformed personell setting the dining table in the officers mess in TUC.
They were probably the lowest ranking "Lower Deckers" assigned to donig Dining Table duties for the higher up officers.
That's the type of job you give to a "Lower Decker".
Unsurprisingly given Roddenberry's history, a fair bit of Starfleet's visual language for it's officers is based on the police (they wear a badge, which is often surrendered when resigning, their default weapon is a sidearm, not a rifle...)
But the difference in Phaser vs Phaser Rifle's fire power output isn't that great.
Short of needing to take out small skimmers or armored vehicles with a Phaser Rifle, most things can be solved with a Phaser Pistol, there's more than enough destructive output to solve most situations.
And Size, Wait, Encumberance matter for what arms you choose to take with you on duty.
That might be what he meant but the absence of the word "equivalent" coupled with comments like "no separate officer and enlisted categories" means that what he said was that NCOs and enlisted aren't "worthy" of being in Starfleet because they're "too military" and that only academics with degrees are allowed.
NCO's | Enlisted would enter StarFleet Academy, just like Officers.
The only difference is what Speciality they train in before shipping out.
You'd still have your Trade Skills | Focused Learning, the only difference is the learning model is more akin to a University where everybody goes to the same campus and studies under the same larger institution (StarFleet Academy)
The concept of a NCO|Enlisted wouldn't exist anymore. Everybody would be a StarFleet Officer.