Why would that assume that? If Discovery is destroyed, the data is gone.
In fact, and I may have misinterpreted this part in amongst the explosions, it seemed like Georgiou had transferred the data onto her Apple Watch, so couldn't they just destroy that? It can't defend itself.
The storyline played out like it was written by old people unfamiliar with computers or viruses, starting way back when Amanda "stole" Spock's medical record, like it was an old-fashioned paper file.