The First Order, as we understand it, is at least a potion of the former Galactic Empire that has moved out to the Unknown Regions to rebuild as part of a backup plan should the Emperor be killed. They have gathered around Snoke for reasons we have yet to fully understand. They have managed to rebuild at least somewhat of a fleet of larger Star Destroyers and legions of Stormtroopers, as well as complete Starkiller Base in a bid to retake the Galaxy for the ideals of the New Order that Palatine installed with his Galactic Empire.
The Resistance is Leia Organa's private army. She started it after leaving politics once she found out about the potential threat of the First Order. When the New Republic would not only not do anything, but also had a faction that was threatening to openly succeed from the Republic to join a New Order style government, Leia gathered up some old time Rebel leaders and like minded individuals and got some quiet funding from some of her like minded Senator friends to form a tiny army to keep watch on the First Order. Their main goal was to find out what the First Order was doing, and the extent of its treaty violations against the New Republic (as it could be considered an part of the old Galactic Empire, which was subject to a disarmament treaty). They were never able to prove enough to the Republic Senate to act on anything until it was too late, and Starkiller Base fired on the Republic capital and primary Starfleet.
The Resistance is Leia Organa's private army. She started it after leaving politics once she found out about the potential threat of the First Order. When the New Republic would not only not do anything, but also had a faction that was threatening to openly succeed from the Republic to join a New Order style government, Leia gathered up some old time Rebel leaders and like minded individuals and got some quiet funding from some of her like minded Senator friends to form a tiny army to keep watch on the First Order. Their main goal was to find out what the First Order was doing, and the extent of its treaty violations against the New Republic (as it could be considered an part of the old Galactic Empire, which was subject to a disarmament treaty). They were never able to prove enough to the Republic Senate to act on anything until it was too late, and Starkiller Base fired on the Republic capital and primary Starfleet.
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