I figure the Machine's main copy is in orbit/satellite now.
That would have to be a pretty robust satellite to have the same storage capacity as Samaritan's huge server farms or the Subway Car Full O' Game Consoles. And in the closing montage, we saw that the computer in the subway station was "Downloading Satellite Data," which I took to mean that the surviving Machine kernel was downloading itself back into the station's system -- which it would need to do in order to have access to the government surveillance feeds that Root had hacked into using the subway's grid. It's not like that surveillance access happens automatically. Either the government has to provide it willingly, as it did with the first iteration of the Machine and then with Samaritan, or a master hacker has to tap into them, as Root did this season. So I doubt a Machine software kernel stored on a Russian satellite (I think it was) would be able to access the NSA's surveillance data.
Root/The Machine reflecting on death and what it means to be human is something Samaritan never cared for.. Samaritan was the quintessential computer at an extremely high level but it still was basically operating on a Yes or No logic.. will this action be positive for my goal or not. It never understood humanity nor did it try to and that was Finch's crowning achievement.. that he could teach a machine to understand humans and what it means to a human.
Also, I think Samaritan failed its superintelligence test by falling back on humanity's preferred dumb solution of dealing with every problem by killing it. Violence is the crudest problem-solving method there is. Look at what the Machine did -- she took people who could have been enemies and
converted them to her side. That's a far smarter solution than just destroying them, because it increases the number of assets available to you for solving problems. The more you kill people off, the fewer people there are to come up with new ideas or answers, and the worse off the world is. But the more people you win over to your cause, the stronger your side gets. Granted Samaritan did win over a lot of people, like Jeff Blackwell, and it tried to win Finch over. So it wasn't completely blind to the benefits of that strategy. But it did kill off a lot more people as well, and on balance, I think that would've been a less sustainable strategy in the long term, for all that it gave Samaritan a brute-force advantage in the short term.
Speaking of which, did we ever learn what his real last name was?
I was thinking it was the name that Harold used as the password for activating the Ice-9 virus. But it turns out that name, "Dashwood," was the name of the protagonists in
Sense and Sensibility, the book Harold gave Grace upon their engagement. So I guess we still don't know. For that matter, both "Reese" and "Shaw" are false surnames, and "John Greer" was an alias. There are a lot of characters on this show whose real names we never knew, like Mark Snow, Kara Stanton, Control, the Special Counsel, Hersh, and Harper Rose. There were only a few cases where we learned the real name behind the alias -- Root was Samantha Groves, Peter Collier was Peter Brandt, and of course Charlie Burton was Carl Elias.
It's a damn shame CBS is so hellbent on having procedural shows. That obvious forced course direction really hurt Person of Interest, one of my biggest complaints about the show since the beginning (along with the often wooden dialogue). I feel like this show would have really shined on a non-network channel, whether was FX, AMC, HBO or Netflix. Alas.
I wish it hadn't taken them so long to get into the meat of the concept, but I liked it that the procedural element remained part of the mix. I'm quite fond of the thematic premise that saving individual lives is as important as saving the world. The fact that Finch and the Machine cared about protecting ordinary people, that they weren't willing to turn a blind eye to individuals for the sake of "the greater good," was the whole thing that made them better than Samaritan. So it's good that the case-of-the-week element continued to be the spine of the series throughout.