Actually, the CMO has the authority to relieve the Captain of command, and any Captain so willing to blithely dismiss their CMO at that point shouldn't be sitting in the chair.
Also, the rank is Captain, not Emperor.
And why are you bringing gender into this?
- I agree, the CMO has the authority to relieve the Captain but in the facts, it can only be shortly (to let the Captain rest a few days for ex.). But IF the medical officer is seriously concerned about the mental or physical health of the commanding officer to the point that it may endanger his/her life and the lives of the crew, he should inform the senior crew immediately (in particular First Officer, Security Officer, Chief Engineer…), in presenting them clearly the facts with the ins and outs (= this is an essential point in the proceedings, as seeing as it will serve as the base of discussions!), and the decision to relieve the Captain until reaching port should be taken collegially in order to share the responsibility of the decision, what could be very useful later when these people will be auditioned to explain their reasons in front of a Commission of Inquiry.
-> some of you may wonder why the CMO decides to take such precautions, right? In fact, it’s because, much of the time, this complex procedure (which doesn’t necessarily take too long but serves to prevent all excessive zeal), seen as a humiliation for the Captain, also marks roughly the end of a long and brillant career. So, it is a serious decision to take with possible consequences on the morale of the crew and on the organization of the ship, which should be modified.
About Capt. Janeway, I don’t remember to have seen once, the Doctor doubt of her mental or physical sanity to the point to seriously consider a definitive relieving (even if he expressed doubts about some of her decisions in his holojournal, what was a personal initiative which was neither in his jurisdiction or even delicate!), what didn’t prevent him to be concerned about her lack of sleep/her forced diet but her too much coffee consumption and her irrepressible need to be on the front line with in return, some unnecessary injuries (view shared by Tuvok and Chakotay, besides!).
- A Captain doesn’t need to be an Emperor to be revered by the crew. The man or the woman behind this title/rank, naturally inspires confidence and respect, especially if this person is reputed to have a strong personaility and an experience that many would envy. So, generally, the very first advice given to new crew members is to avoid mess with him or her. Period.
Plus, let me remind you that the Captain is the sole master aboard and responsible for his/her hold (= the most important person on the ship). It’s a strongly symbolic principle and no-one onboard or ourside, can be unaware of it. Plus, as seing as the captain is well alive and active, the First Officer will be only confined to administrative tasks, relationships with the crew (= complaints office), briefing/debriefing with the Captain and occasionally, ensure being on-call when necessarely. Here is the sad reality of a First Officer daily time! And do not count on the XO to question the captain about some decisions or to give advices openly. It is only in fiction that we see that!
- why am I bringing gender into this? Really?! Anyway. I reassure you, it has nothing to do with sexism. Au contraire, as seeing as far as I know, there are Captains of both genders, same for ship's doctors, First Officers, etc... . It seems normal to me to remind it from time to time, even if I think there are still too few women in positions of responsibility in the Army, regardless the country.