The irony about TMP and TWOK is that Meyer deliberately re-used several motifs from the first movie -- including Kirk's unhappiness with being a desk jockey and his eagerness to sit in the chair again -- but he did so with a lot of warmth in TWOK (a beloved admiral reaching a milestone birthday and being given the keys to the ship as a present, only to find himself having to step back into an unexpected active combat role that he is no longer fully equipped for); whereas TMP was quite cold about it (almost portraying Kirk as an antagonist; an admiral unpleased by being stuck behind a desk, coming onto Decker's ship and using the V'Ger crisis as a blatant excuse to take the command chair out from underneath him).
Really, both movies come at the exact same material from radically different directions.
The key difference between the approaches is, as McCoy says in TMP, Kirk's desire to get back onboard the Enterprise "an obsession, one that can blind you to more immediate & critical responsibilities." That line, for me, is essential to understand the way Kirk behaves for the first half of the film. He's not the Kirk we knew in TOS, he's the embittered, restless desk jockey that was ceremonially benched by Starfleet after a landmark 5-year mission. He's so desperate to get back out there, on HIS ship, that he doesn't give a damn at how he comes across. He just wants what he wants.
By the time TWOK comes along, about 10 years or so later in the timeline, we see a much more well-adjusted Admiral Kirk. He'd gotten his taste of command back in TMP, maybe even parlayed another 5 year mission out of his handling of the V'ger crisis. He's a man more at peace and comfortable with himself and his role in Starfleet. We even see his reticence to take command again, he knows that Spock is in command of the ship. He's not in desperation mode this time.
Looking at both approaches like this, I would perhaps say that the Kirk of TWOK learned and grew from his experiences in TMP. So, TMP and TWOK might not be taking different approaches to the same problem, it's just that TWOK continues Kirk's arc from the first film.