No, aside from the diviner being a different shape and texture, it was an 0-8-4, not some gadget or gizmo invented by Stark's scientists...and it was sealed away in a box by Peggy at the end of WWII and not unsealed again until season 2 of AoS.
I think they're just being deliberately tongue-in-cheek about it's McGuffiness and it's really not meant to be anything in particular. Honestly, I'm surprised they even bothered to show it. I assumed the gag would be that everyone had a reaction to it, but the camera never sees it (like in Pulp Fiction.)
I mean if they wanted it to mean something then surely they'd make it obvious, either in name or design. But it's just a nondescript lump of metal. If it's really the foundation of all SHIELD tech, what does that even mean? What tech? The holograms? The cloaking? The helicarriers?What kind of fundamental tech could possibly bridge every SHIELD device, including the Zephyr?
I thought maybe for a moment it'd be some proto-arc reactor component, but SHIELD didn;t start using that until *after* Tony made a version that actually worked and was practical. Then I thought it was that vibranium alloy they like making things out of, but that's material science, not a device.