There are only two female characters from any of the series that have even had any kind of promotion in starfleet
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Just because apparently characters are interchangeable for you, doesn't mean they are interchangeable for us. We want Kathryn Janeway, not some pale imitation made out of letters and paper.
You're trying to argue two points that contradict each other here. Your second one is right. Characters are unique and not interchangeable. Janeway is Janeway. No-one else is Janeway, and that's why people feel so passionately about the character. Because of how she was written and portrayed as a strong, unique individual. No-one can replace her.
But when you make that point, you can't then go turn this in to a gender-based argument. By saying Janeway was killed off because she was a woman, or how unfair it is that the only female captain has been killed off and the others haven't, you're reducing the hugely complex character of Janeway down to 'token woman'. So of course then people start saying 'look there are all these other women' and of course that's not good enough because Janeway was far more than that.
Oh Kestral has facts but he ignores the whole point of the statement and concentrates on what he believes will get him the most mileage twisting what I said just a little. I am talking about characters from the Television and Movies as they have been translated by Trek Lit. The appearance is very sexist.
You're also focusing on a very small part of Trek Lit that will get you the most mileage. To take your facts the other way, let's look again at them.
Male TV characters not promoted in Trek books: Picard, Sisko, Riker, Jake Sisko, Icheb and Neelix.
That's 6
Female TV characters not promoted in Trek books: Troi, Crusher, Kira, Seven of Nine, Janeway.
Oh, only 5.
TREK LIT IS SEXIST AGAINST MEN
To which of course you tell me that's unfair, as there were a lot less females in the TV casts to start with, to which I tell you: exactly. You want to talk about sexist, TV Trek was maybe sexist. Male-dominated casts, took four series to get a female Captain (and even in that series, they introduced a character pretty much designed as eye-candy for men).
I'd say Trek Lit has gone a long, long way towards redressing the gender balance in Trek in general, but yes, it's had to do that by introducing new characters because, frankly, the TV shows didn't give many to work with in the first place. For some reason you're not interested in talking about them. So there's not much more they can do.
I don't know if Trek Lit is sexist or not to be honest, I'm a white middle-class male with my privilege and I sure as hell can't judge. But I can say with absolute certainty that it's definitely less sexist than the TV shows were.