We have to take the barrier and all that with a grain of salt and on faith since the barrier is a thin strip that the ship should be able to go around. We're stuck with the information they gave us, both verbally and visually. Everything else is just "making it work" - but since I love this episode no end, I indulge. It just does seem weird that, in a way, everyone is kind of imprisoned in the galaxy by this barrier. Nobody would care because the galaxy is so vast, but once that barrier is discovered, I can't imagine it wouldn't be studied and a way found to penetrate. And since nobody got "Godded" in By Any Other Name and Is There is Truth No Beauty (allowing they crossed back through the barrier), I can assume they sussed it out.
Delta Vega is close enough to the barrier to get there in a few "light days." But since the warp drive is out, how long did it take for them to arrive? Regardless, it's far enough out for the ore ships to only call "once every 20 years." I'm fine with the planet being there, having a luthium cracking station and being fully automated.