It really is apples and oranges to compare this situation with that in Hollow Pursuits. In Hollow Pursuits, Barclay is a shy loner having trouble fitting in among the engineering team to an extent that it impacts his job performance, and the backlash he faces from Geordi and Riker as a result of this lead to his reclusive tendencies escape into holodeck fantasies. Picard recognizes this and rather than transfer Barclay off to another ship like so many others have done, decides to try and fix the situation and help Barclay become a productive member of the crew. Though Barclay was socially awkward and not 100% focused on his work, he was generally inoffensive did not cause any trouble.
Edward on the other hand was absorbed in his own research to the extent he didn't contribute to the other tasks the rest of the crew were required to, argued with his captain after she had made her decisions, and then filed reports with Starfleet Command accusing his captain of being stupid just because she disagreed with him. Edward was a legitimate problem for Captain Lucero, as further evidenced when he sets into motion events which lead to the ship's loss. She was within her rights to have him removed from her crew.
So, no, I don't view this as proof of differing cultures. Indeed, were their positions reversed, I think Picard would have dealt with Edward the same way Lucero did and Lucero would deal with Barclay the same way Picard did.
