the whole blanket ban on genetic engineering is dogmatic and illogical anyway, merely based on fear caused by past issues with the technology (just like the current fear of nuclear power is), so it doesn’t make sense.
It's not exactly a blanket ban, since in DS9 they state it is allowed to correct birth defects. And even that is a controversial idea here in the real world.
How exactly do you define what is "normal" for a human? For example, some in the deaf community have called corrective measures for deafness a "cultural genocide" and argue with the idea that someone who is deaf is disabled or suffering from a medical problem. And that sentiment is mirrored for other issues. There's been op-eds written by parents of children with Down Syndrome arguing that their children aren't "broken."
I always took
Star Trek's dislike of genetic engineering and augmentations of what it means to be human being based in the history of eugenics, which was associated with Nazis and government policies for forced sterilization. A big part of
Star Trek's message is that people can be better. We can improve. We can learn to be more tolerant, more accepting, more fair-minded. But, to make this message relevant, it had to relate to us ordinary meat-sacks
as we are now. If
Star Trek depicted a race of genetically engineered humans or technologically enhanced humans, the message would be distorted. It would be a world where we got better as a species because we re-engineered our basic biology or added machines to our bodies to be better, instead of learning anything.
The only reason to ban it is to level the playing field, which feels like cheating in sports. Of course, half the bridge seems to have super powers in SNWs. A lot of this goes back to the genetic engineering controversy in WWII. This shows up in a lot of lit when TOS came out. I don’t think it resonates with modern audiences.
I’d rather we go back to the exploratory episodes like in season one.
The explanation given by Sisko for the ban makes sense, in that the Federation didn't want parents basically in an arms race with their neighbors modifying their children. Beyond the danger of breeding a new Khan, it arguably forces choices onto children who have no agency in the matter. Bashir resented his father for forcing those "superior" attributes onto him and not accepting him for the person he was.
Although... maybe all Bashir's dad needed to do was give Julian some drugs...