What a simply lovely episode. It hits so many of the right notes, and is (IMHO) a slight step up from the pilot. I credit this to being primarily written by Henry Alonso Myers rather than Akiva Goldsman. As I've said before, I am a huge fan of The Magicians, which had some of best character writing (and an amazing mixture of humor and pathos) and I looked forward to seeing what he could do in the Trekverse. My anticipation, it turns out, was not without cause. The dialogue here just comes across as more mature, more naturalistic, and...more human...than in the pilot.
Otherwise, the two episodes are pretty similar. We have a stock TOS trope - in this case, investigate a mysterious artifact of an elder race. In a very real way, the core of the plot here is also analogous to Discovery Season 4 (must make first contact with a race with a weird language in order to save millions) though the stakes are much more appropriate to an hour of episodic TV, and everything is edited down to the minimum needed in order to tell the story (I appreciate the lack of plot bloat). I also appreciate that not everything is answered at the end of the episode - one of my favorite elements of TOS which the later series somehow forgot about was the air of mystery - that there was a big galaxy filled with weird and inexplicable events. This felt like a taste of that returning.
Of course, as with the pilot, the plot is secondary, because this is really about character - in this case, Uhura, in her first real focus since TAS's The Loralei Signal. I am grateful they chose to focus on one of the supporting cast rather than doing the obvious thing and following up a Pike pilot with a Spock or Una episode. She has a coherent arc, from someone with deep misgivings about her role in Starfleet - and deep insecurity about her lack of experience as a cadet - into someone much more confident regarding her skills and her future. I love Celia Rose Gooding's portrayal of Uhura - she absolutely nails the TOS character (unlike Zoe Saldana, who honestly just came across as an attractive black woman playing another role). Honestly though this story is a bit heartbreaking considering we know Uhura is going to be stuck in essentially her current role for 34 years (thankfully PIC established she finally gets a captaincy some time after TUC, but still). The story also made use of both Uhura's facility for languages and her love of music (it also helps that Celia Rose Gooding actually had a background in musicals, meaning she's an excellent singer herself).
There are secondary threads through this episode as well, and all of them were well done. We get a little bit of a continuing arc regarding Pike's trauma at the foreknowledge of his death. I like the level of close friendship without any sexual tension between Pike and Una, and I love she's a good enough friend to him to try and convince him to consider other options. The last shot of the episode, with Pike looking at the cadets (currently children) whose lives he will save in 10 years came damn close to making be bawl. Spock acting as Uhura's sounding board gave him the opportunity to give several well-written speeches, of varying levels of effectiveness within the episode, but all of them showcasing Spock's earnestness combined with his own still-growing nature. He got a little bit of an arc when it came to understanding humor, which was...cute. We also get a little introduction to Hemmer in the first act, and Ortegas gets a tiny bit more to do here.
I did have a handful of nits to pick with this episode however. One of them was the use of La'an - or rather the lack of use. Look, she got heavy focus last week - I was not expecting her to be prominent this time around. But she went on the away mission with Spock, Uhura, and Sam Kirk and did...nothing. She did absolutely nothing. She made a couple of technobabble comments, and noted she couldn't sing. They should have just left her on the bridge TBH - three people is enough for an away mission, and I found her hanging staring at them just weirdly distracting. The other issue is that I think the third-act solution that Spock came up with seemed to come out of nowhere, and partially undercut the story's focus on Uhura. I suppose it's not realistic that a cadet would save everyone alone, but I was hoping that there would actually be communication between the comet and the Enterprise. Ahh well.
Still, damn near close to perfect.