They did go into specifics, with such things as the medicine wheel, and the vision quest, and the spirit animals, the ritual on the anniversary of Kolopak's death, the whole "Rubber Tree People" encounter, and of course the tattoo. The problem was, the specifics they used either didn't go together, or were made up out of whole cloth. Example: Chakotay and Kolopak are clearly visiting a jungle region in the flashback of "Tattoo," but no Central American NA's had medicine wheels or spirit animals.
They didn't want to favor a specific culture? Well, they had no problem with making Sisko an African American, as opposed to his being from any other region of the world where brown-skinned people live. They made Picard French (albeit with an English accent!), and Scotty Scottish, and O'Brien Irish, and Reed British, rather than generic Europeans. Heck, Kirk was Iowan, McCoy and Tucker were Southerners, and Riker was Alaskan; they weren't even generic Americans, much less generic white people.
They didn't know enough about the cultures? There were any number of real experts they could have learned from. They did know enough to know that they should hire someone; they just didn't check his background.
I'm actually kind of fond of Chakotay; Beltran brought a nice warmth to the character. But these are excuses, and excuses for what was, at base, simply shoddy work.