There's a third possibility for "transporters," which is that they could be a miniaturized, localized application of warp technology. A pod fired to the surface of a planet (or wherever) inside an Alcubierre "warp" field, with a landing unit in place to break the warp field and retrieve it. It really would be "warp-linking" and would look just as instantaneous as beaming.
The idea would have a few positives: first, it puts certain preconditions and infrastructure in place so that teleportation can't be used willy-nilly or from site-to-site; second, the precision it would require makes its use a lot less casual (much as was originally envisaged for transporters in ENT); third, as a technology for transporting large amounts of matter it's probably more realistic than the traditional Trek transporter, which should produce explosions and is really more plausible as a weapons technology. Fourth, it reduces the temptation to use the "wacky transporter malfunction" as a plot device, which however not everyone would regard as a bonus.
Of course it's a bigger change from standard Trek tech than maybe you want.
The idea would have a few positives: first, it puts certain preconditions and infrastructure in place so that teleportation can't be used willy-nilly or from site-to-site; second, the precision it would require makes its use a lot less casual (much as was originally envisaged for transporters in ENT); third, as a technology for transporting large amounts of matter it's probably more realistic than the traditional Trek transporter, which should produce explosions and is really more plausible as a weapons technology. Fourth, it reduces the temptation to use the "wacky transporter malfunction" as a plot device, which however not everyone would regard as a bonus.
Of course it's a bigger change from standard Trek tech than maybe you want.