You do realize that the main ships featured prominently in the shows and movies are armed?
FLINT: Look at your starship, bristling with weapons. Its mission to colonize, exploit, destroy, if necessary, to advance Federation causes.
KIRK: [to Rayna]
Thank you. [to Flint]
Our missions are peaceful, our weapons defensive.
The only "main ship featured prominently" that was designed for battle was the
Defiant, initially developed specifically in response to the truly extraordinary existential threat of the Borg, but quickly
abandoned as soon as that threat subsided somewhat. Then when the new threat of the Dominion presented itself, she was pulled into service...
to be used as tool of diplomacy! And Tom Paris may have joked once that
Voyager was optimized for combat performance over musical performance, but there was never any suggestion she was built
for the purpose of fighting wars.
One of the main themes of "The Vulcan Hello"/"Battle At The Binary Stars" is that Starleet was so committed to lofty ideals of coming in peace and not firing first that they allowed themselves to be led into a slaughter! Yes, Starfleet are inept at waging war...because that isn't their main purpose! It's a role they are indeed well-equipped to play technologically, yet one they are constitutionally reluctant
to a fault in actually playing, with an almost pathological need for it to be outright
forced on them before they will rise to it. The Klingons did just that, and now the Feds have had to scramble to meet the task. That's how the story of DSC touches off.
Speaking of which, remember how Bryan Fuller described "Balance Of Terror" as a "touchstone" for DSC?
KIRK: What you do not know and must be told is that my command orders on this subject are precise and inviolable. No act, no provocation, will be considered sufficient reason to violate the Zone. We may defend ourselves, but if necessary to avoid inter-space war, both these outposts and this vessel will be considered expendable.
Starfleet has pretty much always been more willing to turn the other cheek than to strike back, until they have no other option. And it's always been foolish of them from the standpoint of a military mindset. But that's how they roll in the good ol' UF of P.
Lorca blew up the Buran too. I guess his crew were valuable resources. Move the goal posts again and again and it still doesn't negate that these ships can and have been destroyed. That Starfleet has no trouble doing it if they choose and twice on 'Discovery' have proven that.
So you now think Lorca was following standard Starfleet protocol when he did that? And here I thought you considered him a cold-blooded sociopathic murderer for it. Talk about moving the goal posts!
Many of the things Lorca does are decidedly
un-Starfleet in character, with respect to most of what we've come to know of Starfleet before now. (Or are they?) He represents
in extremis the "beast unleashed" of a Starfleet at war, all
naiveté cast off...cut loose the anchor, damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead into the maelstrom of battle, do or die in the moment, and leave it until later to worry about the trauma and damage it may be causing you and others, as you run the risk of losing your grip on the very ideals you set out to defend in the first place, of finding yourself adrift with the currents of conflict, unsure of your way back to shore.
For good or ill, Lorca is a creature
born out of this war with the Klingons, in
response to the pressures of it, forged in its flames.
The auto-destruct system (also known as self-destruct or destruct sequence) was a starship system that allowed the total destruction of the vessel. This was typically activated as a last resort, usually to prevent a ship from falling into enemy hands.
Can you remind me when exactly Starfleet ever actually used it for that purpose in a situation akin to that of the
Shenzhou, let alone "typically"? Maybe there were a few times in the later shows that I'm not recalling at the moment.
I just re-watched TOS though, and I remember Kirk
considering it in "By Any Other Name" and chickening out, and making a deliberate
bluff of it in "Let That Be Your Last Battlefield," and using the abandoned
Constellation to take out "The Doomsday Machine" much as he was prepared to do again with V'Ger in (at least some cuts of) TMP. And I do remember "The Adversary" (DS9) where Sisko was prepared to destroy the
Defiant in order to
prevent a war from being started with the Tzenkethi, and in
First Contact when Picard was going to destroy the
Enterprise-E after the Borg
already had control of it and were about to wipe out the Federation's entire timeline. And I remember when Janeway was going to do it to destroy a Cardassian WMD in "Dreadnought" (VGR), and when her double did it so the real
Voyager could survive in "Deadlock," and then when she tried to do it in "Basics" when the Kazon were taking over the ship...and it wouldn't work. And then Picard tried it again in
Nemesis to take out the
Scimitar...and it wouldn't work.
Hey wait, I remember now! There
was that one time in "11001001" (TNG) when Picard said they had to do it to stop the ship from falling into hostile hands! Yet there again, much as in the case of the
Glenn, the vessel in question was a brand-new, top-of-the-line model...the Federation flagship no less! And fully-functioning, to boot.
(Oh, and there was also that other time in "Where Silence Has Lease" when Picard was going to do it to save half the crew from being tortured to death by Nagilum. Holy shit, I guess Lorca's not as un-Starfleet as I thought, after all! And to think how I always used to love Plinkett's spiel about how "there are two Picards...the TV show Picard, who's this enlightened intellectual; he only uses violence as a last resort, and he always follows his conscience and a strict code of ethics...but then in the movies, Picard's a crazed, violent pyschopath." How did he miss
this one? Must have been making a pizza roll or torturing someone in his basement or something.

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MMoM