Okay, one that involves seeing the -internals- of a ship under construction, and not just a mildly redressed set. Like seeing the bridge with the helm console missing and a portion of it exposed or such because they haven't been built/installed yet.
I think the closest we've come to that is that episode where Seven traveled back in time and was on Voyager before it launched.
Star Trek: The Motion Picture? Eye of the Beholder?
I think one of the issues of the comic book "Crew" (featuring the shakedown cruise of the original Enterprise) might satisfy your story wish.