"The Last Outpost" (TNG)
It seems to be a defining episode for early Picard. His admiration for his French ancestry, swearing in French, calling a meeting to discuss tactical solutions, instantly shoots down Worf and Yar's suggestions, takes Troi's advice, and tries to reason with the Ferengi. Then he stays on the Enterprise while Riker beams down. This is archetypal first season Picard.
Riker says there might be trouble down there and wants to take Worf along. I think the writers wanted Worf to be like their version of Mister T.
Thankfully, Yar doesn't take any shit from the Ferengi and calls them on their sexist nonsense. "Just try it, shorty."
EDIT: Interesting exchange between Picard and Beverly. Life support is down on the Enterprise and it looks like they might not survive. Beverly, trying to be protective, says she was thinking of giving Wesley a sedative. Picard said that Wesley has the right to face death awake.
At the end of the episode, Beverly puts her hand against Picard's cheek and starts to call Picard "Jean-Luc" (which she normally does anyway) before taking her hand away, stopping mid-sentence, and calls him "Captain". So the feelings are shown here as was the mother/surrogate-father relationship earlier.
I didn't expect this episode to be so insightful on the Picard end. That's what makes this episode salvageable.
The Ferengi, I'm sorry to say, are probably an insight into Gene Roddenberry's inner vices. I'll leave the matter at that.
DOUBLE-EDIT: I think I know what this is. But I don't even know if he was even aware of it because that would require a type of self-actualization that I doubt he ever reached in his lifetime. I think the Federation is what Gene Roddenberry wanted to be like; while the Ferengi are what Gene Roddenberry was really like.
And because the Federation so represented what Gene Roddenberry wished he was, that's why he eventually became so protective of it. At some point in the '70s, probably by 1975, he realized Star Trek was going to be the thing he was going to be known for. Nothing else he'd done had taken off. So that's when he decided to put his all into it. Meaning all of himself as he wanted to be but couldn't.