Random thoughts about the Excelsior and how it fits into Starfleet (in universe) as a Heavy Cruiser.
The Excelsior Class Heavy Cruiser was introduced in the mid 2270’s as a replacement for the ageing Constitution Class Heavy Cruiser. With most Constellations in service approaching 40+ years of service and multiple refits, Starfleet were forced to consider the class that would replace them to keep the fleet up to date and relevant. Coupled with this was the “Transwarp Project” which was based on documented experiences of the USS Enterprise NCC-1701 exceeding Warp 10 for sustained periods, something that the Constitution Class was not designed for, or capable of doing even after the Phase II refit of the early 2270’s.
From many lessons learned from the Constitution Class design, both in terms of what worked, what was needed, and what could be changed, a new hull geometry was laid out – one that still retained the saucer/engineering hull divide and twin nacelle profile, but one that was designed by a new understanding of warp field geometries and the impact hull shape had on them. The Excelsior as the first ship would be called, would still retain all the abilities of a Heavy Cruiser, but in a slightly larger frame due to increased warp nacelle size. This was needed for two reasons: to aid the warp field geometry around the ship, and to provide the extra sustainer coils needed to achieve and hold speeds beyond Warp 10.
The Excelsior was primarily built at the orbital San Francisco Shipyards before transferring to the newly commissioned Spacedock for final equipment tests and crew orientation. Still considered experimental, the ship was registered as NX-2000 and was being made ready for test flight and systems analysis when the USS Enterprise was stolen by her former command crew. Forced into an early launch, several system and security measures were not undertaken, leading to the ship and crew facing embarrassment when the ship’s warp drive system failed to start because of computer sabotage. This – very public – humiliation of what many in Starfleet were already considering to be the next flagship, led to some quiet changes.
Firstly, security protocols were updated to prevent oversight of shipboard computer systems being sabotaged, and secondly, the command crew were replaced. Whilst Captain Styles was found not to be at fault at the inquiry, he was criticised for putting too much faith in never-tested systems.
Without much fanfare, the Excelsior was eventually relaunched for a shakedown cruise under a new command crew and with better security in place. The ship finished its shakedown in 2288 and was promptly brought back in for systems checks, minor hull changes, and handed over to her fully trained crew, under Captain Hikaru Sulu, and assigned to map, patrol, and explore areas of the Beta Quadrant.
As well as enhanced computer and science systems, the Excelsior featured an updated tactical array and better shield system. The improved warp drive systems worked. The new Matter/Antimatter Reactor Core (MARC) proved to be far more efficient than the previous Dilithium Swirl Reactor Matrix (DSRM) and allowed for greater output, allowing the Excelsior to exceed Warp 10 and hold higher speeds for longer. Although it was noted that new MARC had “peak transitions” as more power was applied to the warp nacelles, and these “peak transition” events would eventually pave the way for a new Warp Speed Scale, with Warp 10 as an absolute that could not be reached, as the newer MARC technology was introduced to the rest of the fleet.
Although the Excelsior had an embarrassing first launch, the ship and the class named for it would become one of Starfleet’s most successful designs, lasting nearly eighty years before being retired.