Klingon ships look like Klingon ship and Romulan ships look like Romulan ships because that is the design aesthetic of an alien culture; principles, architecture, technology of a culture that were established for eons before they encountered other races, which remained with them as they went out into space. Some to make themselves immediately recognisable for various reasons, though for more aggressive races most likely to strike fear into the hearts of their target, to demoralise them before they strike.I agree with Kahless. The way the central ships are designed for Star Trek is for them to be identifiable for a race. It doesn't make much scientific or military sense; after all, ships, tanks, and planes aren't designed to be identifiable but instead get copied by other sides and wear insignia. But Trek ships are for a SF/fantasy TV show so don't follow the rules of reality. Fed must look Fed, and Klingon must look Klingon.
It'd make a decent NX-01 design, but I prefer how the Discovery looks originally.A fan made USS Discovery redesign concept:
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