Yeah, the distant captive problem is always a problem for duress. Sometimes it's a defense, sometimes it's not. It's raised quite often in drug trafficking cases where the trafficker claims they are acting under duress because their family is being held hostage. There's no agreement on whether it's successful under those circumstances.
It's not really grounds for a reduced sentence, though, as a matter of law.
Did you deliberately kill someone? Yes. That rules out involuntary manslaughter.
Did that other person provoke you? No, they're just as innocent. That rules out Voluntary Manslaughter.*
Did you plan out how to commit the murder? Yes. That makes it First Degree Murder.
* The exception would be the states that allow Voluntary Manslaughter when the defendant proves that he was acting under the influence of an extreme emotional disturbance. I would love to see the breakdown on which state still follows the Common Law vs. the EED defense.
However, duress is usually justified on policy grounds, not legal grounds. That's why it's often more likely to be successful in non-homicide cases. In murder cases, it may not even be grounds to reduce a sentence (although it would certainly be mitigation if there's any sentencing discretion).
It's not really grounds for a reduced sentence, though, as a matter of law.
Did you deliberately kill someone? Yes. That rules out involuntary manslaughter.
Did that other person provoke you? No, they're just as innocent. That rules out Voluntary Manslaughter.*
Did you plan out how to commit the murder? Yes. That makes it First Degree Murder.
* The exception would be the states that allow Voluntary Manslaughter when the defendant proves that he was acting under the influence of an extreme emotional disturbance. I would love to see the breakdown on which state still follows the Common Law vs. the EED defense.
However, duress is usually justified on policy grounds, not legal grounds. That's why it's often more likely to be successful in non-homicide cases. In murder cases, it may not even be grounds to reduce a sentence (although it would certainly be mitigation if there's any sentencing discretion).