The ring planel also had no native population. The Baku and the Baku-Sona did have a native homeworld, but the ring planet wasn't it.
From my list, Janus Six would be an example of a resouce world with an actual native population, the indigenous Horta.
How so?
Consider the settlement/city of La Nouvelle-Orléans. Establish in 1718 by the French Mississippi Company, ceded to the Spanish Empire in 1763, reverted to French in 1801, sold to the United States in 1803. Through the years many different peoples came to live there, including Haitian refugees. Refugees might be a good descriptive term for the arriving Baku.
As the territory and the city it held (analogy for the patch and the ring planet) changed hands periodically, the authority and jurisdiction changed too, for the many peoples living there it often made little difference.
But they, just like the Baku, were under the new jurisdiction each time. Even if no control was exercised upon them.
The Baku were on a Romulan planet, then a Klingon planet, then a Federation planet.
They were never on a Baku planet.
Is there an example of the PD applying to non-indigenous settlers/refugees who land on a planet held by the Romulans, which eventually becomes a Federation planet? A Federation planet according to Picard.
Why, Sisko wasn't dismissed. Inhabitable planets are hardly rare in the Star Trek universe. And the destruction wasn't going to be permanent , just protracted.
If after the review mention at the end of the movie, they don't go ahead and finish the job of harvesting the particles, and the public finds out what happened. Yes, I can imagine the majority of the Federation council (which authorized the harvest) will be out of office.
Withholding a major medical advance like the particles from hundreds of billions of the general public, there easily could be recall elections and impeachments, and penal colony incarcerations.
Well the inhabitants were selfishly committing acts (not leaving) that potentially was going to result in pain and earlier death for billions of federation citizens.