One of the most radical experiments in early Earth starship design was the Enterprise XCV. Unlike the traditional nacelle-and-saucer configuration, the XCV uses an annular propulsion system, based on Vulcan vehicle designs. This ship however, employed cyclotron accelerators to create a high-energy proton flux. The protons circled through the massive outer rings of verterium gallenide segments, generating a symmetrical subspace field. Each of the two coleopter ring structures contained two counter-rotating cyclotrons. The cyclotrons in each ring operated slightly out of phase with each other, generating the propulsive field imbalance that carried the ship through subspace at warp speeds.