I think it was designed by the same people who developed the Kill-o-zap blaster pistol. To paraphrase:Narada was a simple bad guy ship, big powerful and menacing. there was really no design to it.
"The designer of the Narada had clearly not been instructed to beat about the bush. 'Make it evil,' he'd been told. 'Make it totally clear that this ship has a right end and a wrong end. Make it totally clear to anyone standing at the wrong end that things are going badly for them. If that means sticking all sort of spikes and prongs and blackened bits all over it then so be it. This is not a ship for exploring strange new worlds, it is a ship for going out and making people miserable with.'"