Now you are conflating hardware with software.Again there are different degrees of AI. In Star Trek there is the duotronic, multitronic and then the most advanced the positronic. Again is Alexa the same as the tos computer?
Duotronic and multitronic, afaik, are wholesale made up words. Based purely on the notion of more tronic = better tronic.
Where positronic is implied to mean something along the lines of like electronic but positively charged instead of negatively, otherwise the exact same. Positrons are a real world thing in physics.
Since positronic matrices and brains are always mentioned in the context of androids or artificial brains (Bareil) one can assume that creating a synthetic neuron with positively charged action potential must have advantageous properties.
In this case the AI might be indeed hardware based and an emerging property instead of programmed. Or at least a mixture of emergent and programmed since Data also has written code and subroutines.