Those sorts of criticisms though are even harsher for those who do NOT resign. Staying on in that regime would look worse on you than quitting would, whether you were outspoken after quitting or not. Some of course have been outspoken afterwards, others have not. But no one accuses those who leave of hubris for having resigned.
If you fail in your behind the scenes efforts against a policy, you have limited options. Go along with it, or you can leave. If you go to the press, you are out anyway, no matter if you are a civilian govt minister or a military officer. So you might as well resign. You're career is done either way.
I say a Trump like President since that would be a better reflection of our times and it must have been the Federation Govt that made these controversial decisions. Strict limits on refugees, halting rescue and resettlement, banning synths. I think only DS9, when they did their own arc about a Starfleet plot, ever showed the President more than once. Not sure why that is.