When Data objects to the mispronunciation of his name by Pulaski, asserting that it does matter to him, & when he gives her a deliberate look, at her referring to him as not alive, it's clear that despite him not being emotionally effected enough to consider him suitably offended, by our standards, Data does take exception to the ways she's treating him. That means it's not only rude by general social morays, it's also personally objectionable to him.
If it wasn't rude to call him "it" or "not alive", then why does she finally apologize? "It does know how to do these these things, doesn't it?" Is not even addressing him directly, & isn't even recognizing him as a being or as an officer, which he is clearly categorized as both, as she already knows.
There was still great debate at that time as to whether or not Data was, in fact, sentient. His service record may have referred to him as "alive," but Starfleet also viewed him as property until "The Measure of a Man," and felt perfectly comfortable ordering him to submit to disassembly.
No, they didn't. One solitary man, in the entirety of Starfleet, was continuing to assert that he was not sentient, heavily biased by his own goals of planning to use him, & needing him to be denied agency to further that goal. He was then able to rope a single admiral into backing him, on the vague basis of harmless work to be conducted by him.
It's also suspicious that they tried to slip the orders through, rather perfunctorily, out in the middle of nowhere, at a station with no adequate legal representation, right when that admiral had just appointed a previously resigned judge, who'd last been known to fail at prosecuting Picard in a court martial.
It's suspiciously as if they deliberately brought her out of retirement, specifically because they expected her, of all people, to side with them against Picard bringing objections, if it came to that. Fortunately, she wasn't that easily corraled, even though she initially found a precedent that could be used to rule him property, but that had not been his status until she did that, & forced a challenge. Initially, he was granted the status of a Starfleet officer. You don't let the ship's property hold 2nd officer rank.
Even Riker, in "Encounter at Farpoint," admitted that Data being a machine troubled him.
Data
asked him if it troubled him, & he confessed to it troubling him "a little", and that was because of a misunderstanding of what he'd read in Data's file about him being a machine, & as such presuming his rank was honorary.
Heck, even as late as "Clues," Picard was sayinig Data would be "stripped down to his wires" to find out why he malfunctioned.
Too much this is misrepresented. He's very likely speaking hyperbolically, out of frustration, to remind him of his past struggles with his rights. He's not advocating that course of action. He's saying it as a caution, that there are people out there like Maddox or Haftel, who could make the case for doing so, in the event of
another endangerment to the crew. (
Brothers had to have caused quite the brouhaha back at HQ)