^ <Occam's razor>If it makes a "copy" of your consciousness, I'd say the resulting person is you. A very alive you.</Occam's razor>
Either I'm not explaining well, or you're not getting it.
How about from your own personal point of view BEFORE you step into the transporter?
The copy who steps out of the TX later may FEEL he's you, because he has
copies of all your personal memories implanted. But he's not
you.
You yourself - the you that existed BEFORE the copying and beaming - is no more. You yourself don't materialize at the other end, just a copy. You yourself, are dead. Some other person with a xerox COPY of your memories is carrying on where you used to be. But you're in heaven, looking down on your copy, screaming in anger at what just happened. You yourself will never experience life again, never sleep with your wife again, never laugh with your kids again - the copy will be doing that.
And then the copy of HIM after he beams again...
Actually I am getting it, but I think you're wrong.
You yourself is still here, you step into the transporter, and you find yourself on the other side. You yourself, are very much alive. You go on experiencing life, sleeping with your wife/husband/whoever, laugh with your kids if you have them, do your job, play poker with your friends, etc. etc.
And this is the only thing that actually make sense.
For starters, if you died, I don't see how the transporter could make a "copy" of you that would still have your consciousness and memories. You're not a computer, and your consciousness is not a database. It would just transport a dead body.
Next, you don't even have any evidence or solid reason to think that a person dies just because their molecules took a few seconds to be reassembled. People have been clinically dead for much longer, and their consciousness was not destroyed. And if you believe in soul, as your post seems to suggest, why would your consciousness (soul) leave your body while it is being divided into molecules and put back again? Certainly, if a soul can survive a complete destruction of the body, it can also stick around for a few seconds? Not to mention that, in SciFi world, and specifically Trek, consciousness of some beings has been known to jump from body to body - so there's no apparent reason why a soul/consciousness would have to "go to heaven" instead of sticking around for a few seconds.
Third, and most importantly, whatever you think about the possible consequences of transporting in real life, there is absolutely nothing in the Trek franchise to suggest what you're suggesting. Which means that it doesn't happen - because Trek is FICTION, so there is no "truth" that you have just realized and that everybody in the Trek universe is unaware of.
Four, even in-universe, if someone came up with that theory, it would only look insane. It's extremely far-fetched that people could be dying all over the place, and that nobody has figured it out for centuries.