"Greebling" is a old scifi special effects trick where a prominent details added to the surface of a larger object that makes it appear more complex, and therefore more visually interesting. It also adds sense of scale, the biggest thing in trek ships is "Windows" with pill shaped aperatures which show case how big the hull is, if he lights are small/blinks the Ship is HUGE.
"In Universe" explanation...Various space rays, micro-meteoroid, radiation, energy weapons, beams, and various warp stress, could bleach or stain/burn the plates, so they're casually replaced when needed. A dark plate is the most stressed, light plate the most recently installed.
Also the Aztec pattern goes back to the original movie, The original Aztec pattern on the large Enterprise miniature for the first movie gives the ship that sense it's made of plates of metal welded together. unlike other scifi franchises Trek Ships are very 'Streamlined" so to add a sense of realism; they add details to the hull plating. See a real warship in drydock, since their hulls are made of plates of metal, the appearance is very similar
https://imgur.com/ejGseCH
as for "Aztek" originally there was no "Software" design it so it was made by tesselations and geometric patterns.
"In Universe" explanation...Various space rays, micro-meteoroid, radiation, energy weapons, beams, and various warp stress, could bleach or stain/burn the plates, so they're casually replaced when needed. A dark plate is the most stressed, light plate the most recently installed.
Also the Aztec pattern goes back to the original movie, The original Aztec pattern on the large Enterprise miniature for the first movie gives the ship that sense it's made of plates of metal welded together. unlike other scifi franchises Trek Ships are very 'Streamlined" so to add a sense of realism; they add details to the hull plating. See a real warship in drydock, since their hulls are made of plates of metal, the appearance is very similar
https://imgur.com/ejGseCH
as for "Aztek" originally there was no "Software" design it so it was made by tesselations and geometric patterns.