But growing, raising, harvesting, slaughtering, transporting, refrigerating, and so forth could collectively consume far less energy than replicating the final product.
But people don't care about energy in the 24th century of Star Trek. At least not at the consumer level. It's not a factor in the decision-making process - and it's difficult to think of any other factor that would adversely compete with "natural" food production in that environment.
If you stipulate the existence of technology that can easily determine if food is dangerous of not, then again how would replicator food be safer than non-replicator food?
Replicate a dish, and it's safe to eat. Proceed to eating, and stay healthy.
Procure a dish by some other means, check it, and find out that it's inedible. Curse the amount of resources (mainly time and patience) spent on this futile quest. Eat the damn stuff anyway, and get sick. Or spend more resources to get another dish that once again may or may not meet the standards.
on 24th century Earth crops would be grown, animals raised and eaten.
We have decidedly seen crops grown. Or at least wine gets produced the old-fashioned way by some luddites whom Picard has to acknowledge as relatives whether he wants to or not. (Perhaps their house was burned down by the Tilling is Torture movement?)
However, we haven't seen any animals being raised for food. We have seen animals hunted (fish being pulled out of water and thus tortured although not necessarily killed), but whether for food or entertainment, we don't know exactly. We have seen horses forced to carry people, and puppies imprisoned to frolic, and cats enslaved to eat, yawn, scratch, sleep and cast disapproving looks at their masters, but that's all for entertainment rather than alternate nourishment. Unless there's something about the metabolism of Soongian androids we haven't been told?
That's in the 24th century, and it extends to colonial luddites as well: the Maquis were never shown raising cattle. Things were different in the 23rd century (Sandoval's expedition was
said to raise cattle, even though budgets didn't extend to showing more than the related infrastructure) let alone the 22nd (we actually saw some of the cattle in "Up the Long Ladder", but the disapproval of our heroes could stem from many reasons).
The replicator can make anything you want, as long as you want what it can make.
No authorized user ever ran into a
limitation on the mods he or she could perform on an order. Although it does take a bit of training or acclimatizing to work the machine, or else you don't even get to adjust the temperature of your water!
For what it's worth Memory Alpha says Latinum can't be replicated.
It's too bad it doesn't quote any sources. And no, "Who Mourns for Morn" doesn't qualify.
Timo Saloniemi