Not in an interstellar setting. There's no single level of technology that everyone in the galaxy is at simultaneously, since some civilizations are centuries or millennia older than others. I mean, heck, think of all the ancient, super-advanced civilizations in TOS, like the Talosians or the Metrons or the Providers or Sargon's people. A lot of them died out and left ruins behind. An industrious government or corporation could salvage highly advanced technologies from the ruins of lost civilizations. If anything, it's implausible that the Federation doesn't do that. Like, why didn't they trade with the Providers for their interstellar transporter technology, or reverse-engineer it from the Kalandan ruins? (The Vomnin Confederacy in my Trek novels bases their civilization largely on salvaged alien ruins; I was somewhat inspired by how the Earth military collects and adapts alien technology in the Stargate franchise.)
Besides, we're talking about spy-fi. Credibility is beside the point. James Bond had an invisible car 22 years ago. Maxwell Smart had a sentient android colleague in the 1960s. The standard conceit is that the sooper-seekrit government agencies have access to technologies generations ahead of the public, but keeps them secret because the public isn't "ready" for them yet. It's absurd, but so is most stuff in spy-fi and secret-conspiracy stories.