I think that there is, broadly-speaking, a reasonable argument to be made that characters who belong to communities that have historically been marginalized in real life ought not to be played by actors who are from communities that have not historically been marginalized along that same axis. Thus, for instance, there is a reasonable argument to be made that a character who is a gay man ought not to be played by an actor who is a straight man, or that a cisgender woman should not play a trans woman, or that characters of color should not be played by white actors when the source material is adapted or rebooted.
But that doesn't apply in this instance; nothing has ever canonically established whether Uhura is queer or not, and Gooding identifies as queer rather than as straight or cisgender -- so there's no reason she shouldn't be able to play Uhura.