One of the principles of physics is you can’t lose information and it’s actually an issue with black hole theories. In this case we are getting information from nowhere. Literally. Same problem and yes, call it a paradox,
but no, don’t call it good writing.
Sure, but that kind of paradox is not unheard of in Star Trek. Whether or not it obeys the principles of physics is a different issue entirely.
TOS: Assignment Earth -
SPOCK: Correction, Mister Seven. It appears we did not interfere. The Enterprise was part of what was supposed to happen on this day in 1968.
KIRK: Our record tapes show, although not generally revealed, that on this date, a malfunctioning suborbital warhead was exploded exactly one hundred and four miles above the Earth.
GARY SEVEN: So everything happened the way it was supposed to.
The implication was that Kirk and Spock, et al. went back and blew up the warhead, but even before they went back to do so, their history showed that warhead had already mysteriously blown up exactly the same way.
This is very similar to the red bursts existing before we saw Burnham go back to make them exist.
And as I mentioned in a post above on the Voyager episode
Timeless:
HARRY: Wait a second. If I sent a message from the future and changed the past, then that future would no longer exist, right? So, how could I have sent the message in the first place? Am I making any sense?
JANEWAY: My advice in making sense of temporal paradoxes is simple. Don't even try.
The paradox there is that Harry got a real physical video message from a version of Harry that will not ever exist.
And then there's the magical ability in TNG:
Cause and Effect for "echos" of the previous time loops to exist so Picard and crew could analyze them and figure out how to save themselves. The only reason for those time echos to exist is that the plot called for them. Still, a fantastically good TNG episode.
There are problems with the writing of DSC, but their handling of specific time travel issues and paradoxes is not one of those writing problems.