I always put Star Trek/Starfleet/the Federation in the same aspirational box as Superman.
Oftentimes the definition of a negative review is the distance between the story the author wanted to tell and the story the audience wanted to hear.
I mean this with genuine respect, but I would like to suggest to you that that's not a reasonable interpretation of
Star Trek. ST is
sometimes like Superman. But it is also sometimes like Batman -- dark and pessimistic and dealing with corruption. And most of the time, ST is like Spider-Man -- neither fully dark nor fully light, neither fully pessimistic nor fully optimistic, caught in-between but usually leaning towards optimism even as darkness has its due.
I mean, the sheer number of admirals issuing illegal orders on TNG suggests there's an institutional problem, doesn't it? And goodness knows, DS9 is hardly as bright and optimistic as Superman.
I think if you start viewing ST through the lens that accepts the franchise does explore darkness while simultaneously reasserting faith in a brighter future, I think you'll find that more ST is enjoyable and you'll see more high-quality work.
I ignore the slave EMH nonsense because it's garbage writing that craps all over Measure of a Man,
But it's really not. TNG itself established that the Federation had already become blinded to the precedent set by Data's case when they failed to see the Exocomps as sentient beings until Data stood up for them. And Federation already has widespread preconceptions about what holograms are compared to androids. It's not at all unrealistic or unreasonable to imagine that Federation society might just have multiple blind spots when it comes to various forms of artificial intelligence, and that different AI forms will likely have to fight that collective mental blind spot.
But even there,
Star Trek's depiction of the fight for A.I. rights is remarkably optimistic! The Federation went from outright banning all synthetics to legalizing them and accepting a colony of them as a protectorate in a remarkably short period of time once they understood that the synths who attacked them on Mars did so because they had been hacked! And, they accepted Coppelius as a protectorate
in spite of the Coppelians having initially summed the Admonition Makers -- a remarkable act of foregiveness.
The fight for AI rights in the Federation is, at this point, about 34 years old in ST, but even with the significant setback in 2385, it's going a
lot better than, say, the fight for equal rights for black people in the real-world United States, which is entering its 401st year with police forces still murdering black people with impunity and white supremacists openly seeking to perpetuate their oppression. I'd rather be an android fighting for my rights in the 24th Century Federation than a black man fighting for my rights in modern America.
same with any story that uses the prime directive to justify letting natural disasters wipe out a species
Sorry, but you don't get to ignore continuity like that. Like it or not, the Federation as depicted by TNG is more morally ambiguous than the light tone of TNG made it out to be. The Federation government was consistently willing to stand by and do nothing while sentient species went extinct in the name of "non-interference."
I'm not sure Romulans are outright banned, Simon just didn't want to deal with it. Presumably a full blooded Romulan can join Starfleet with a letter of recommendation from a command level officer the same as Calhoun, Nog, Icheb and Jaylah. The other stuff is very much an issue, but it's not supposed to be official Federation policy.
I'll concede that upon review of the transcript of "The Drumhead," it's not clear Romulans are banned from Starfleet service or if the only problem is that Tarses lied on his application.
However, that means that the
best-case scenario is that the Federation is so prejudiced against Romulans that Tarses felt it would be safer for him to lie about who his grandfather was. That's still pretty damn dark -- and unofficial prejudice can be just as damaging and dangerous as official prejudice. Once again, the Federation in TNG is not as moral as TNG's light tone would imply.
And if the stories are constantly starting in darkness, it quickly feels very repetitive and like no progress is being made.
Well, first off, I think it's pretty clear that PIC S2 is not going to be starting in darkness -- after all, literally Picard has righted all wrongs at the end of PIC S1. Similarly, DIS S2 did not start in darkness. Nor has LD S1.
So, I rather object to the idea that stories are constantly starting in darkness.
Well, given that the only backstory we've ever (or are likely) to given for Saavik (and potentially the Last Minute Stand-in Not-Saavik!Valeris) describes them as half-Romulans mentored by Spock, a "command-level officer", then this seems to be implied.
In fairness, Saavik's Romulan ancestry has never been canonically established. It originates from the novels. I accept it as my headcannon, but the actual canon has never established her as anything other than a Vulcan.
(Also, the idea that someone is "half-Vulcan, half-Romulan" doesn't make any sense from a biological standpoint. Vulcans and Romulans have only been separate gene pools for less than two thousand years; it takes longer than that to become separate species. Honestly, there's less genetic separation between Vulcans and Romulans circa 2300s than there was between Europeans and Native Americas circa 1492. They're all the same species.)
Starfleet has always struggled with fear against those threats. We have the various admirals of the week who are giving in to their fear, like Leyton, or Pressman. So, I understand the point of view, but the elements in Picard have always been there.
Given how often Starfleet officers make speciesist remarks, I think it's pretty clear that the Federation does struggle with interspecies prejudices. And of course, it's not made any easier by the fact that, in-universe, there
are real and meaningful differences between species that can activate tribalist instincts for In-Group, Out-Group, exclusionary thinking.