Harry Harrison's War With The Robots anthology predates Dune by three years, and the stories in it predate Dune by up to nine years...
And there are older ones than that, mainly non-English stories, though.
Karl Capek's Rossum's Universal Robots, aka the Czech play that invented the term 'robot' to refer to an artifical being, has a robot revolution that kills off the human population.
If one is simply looking for precedents rather than influences, then it's definitely one of those.