I'm happy with the Probe just being some kind of automated intelligence that didn't register humans or other non-aquatic lifeforms as significant and so was doing all the stuff to Earth in order to turn it back into primordial soup or something. Otherwise it's actions seem kind of unnecessarily cruel and kind of against the whole point of TVH that there's no real villain driving the story and just more 'your actions in the past/present can have disastrous results in the future', in my opinion.
It's stated often that all the probe is doing is transmitting its communication signal at the Earth's oceans, but it's so powerful, at their range, it is disrupting all energy in its vicinity, on nearby ships & bases, and then ultimately, it's so forceful it's vaporizing the Earth's oceans & causing a water vapor cloud cover over the entire surface of the planet, which would spell doom for all life on it. None of this is deliberate action to cause harm. It's a side-effect of sending out their communication signal
It's sort of a pet-peeve of mine with Star Trek that there are so many advanced alien lifeforms who wield incredible power or technology, but seem to overlook things, like their whale communication system being so powerful it could decimate the Earth's environment. Same thing with the Nacene and them screwing up the Ocampa homeworld's atmosphere. So intelligent, yet still so dense. At least if it was deliberate sabotage, it would be understandable.