I find it odd thats rarely considered - with the amount of different races and styles within the Federation, each one would have an influence. Not sure why everything has to be so human-centric :/
In the Rise of the Federation novels, TrekLit offers explanations. The bridge design is from the Andorians (compare consoles facing the captain/away from the captain on NX-01, Kumari, NCC-1701).
Also, Earth ships have ideal shape for multi purpose missions thanks to the saucer. Tellarites only byy their ships from Arkonian ship-makers, Vulcans retire their fleet, and so do the Andorians later.