The science of this is fascinating and I'll admit a little mind boggling even to a "fictional" technical junkie like myself.
yeah I will admit, about almost 3 years ago now.. when I took up this little side project to chronicle what the Tardis was, and try to match everything I have seen, read and heard into one cohesive technical design, I was a little overwhelmed..
there was soooo much material that contradicted itself, and I just could not get myself around how the interior ship could change, or rearrange itself.. then I found out that each of those console rooms exist, as do much of the ship we have already seen.. and it made sense..the Time lords have a handle on matter manipulation..which makes sense as well since they can construct whole ships out of energy to matter conversion.. like the food replicators on a star fleet ship..
in some series we miss allot of behind the scenes things that happen.. like the doctor moving to another part of the ship, and then using the architectural program to construct a new console room, which then switches the focus of the ship's gateway to that room..not to mention that the section of the Tardis then changes to resemble that console room aesthetic...the doctor exits his old console room, via the door and then once ready he goes inside and there is his new console room, refitted and ready to go..
Basically he exists the ship on one side, and then a new console rooms is constructed in another part of the ship, and he re-enters a new side of his massive tardis.. to a new look and feel..
I found out that the Tardis is indeed a capsule of time, which exists in a bubble outside of time-space..but is anchored by it's doorway in time-space.. this bubble is created by placing a block math transfer copy of the eye of harmony at it's core, and by using the eye of harmony to seal off a section of time-space from reality, and wedge that into a matter construct is how they are able to access time, and space easily..
the ship is easily moved though this cause it exists outside of normal time-space except for the anchor and gateway..to dematerialize the anchor and move it into the time vortex, which is sorta a field of space like subspace.. only that using the chronometer calculator it weighs atomic particles by age, and then accesses the time vortex, to arrive at that particular age state..
what is hard to get your head around is that the police box is the outside of the ship, and the massive engines and such are inside of that box..but in another dimension.. the box is being moved by those engines though on the outside we see nothing..just a spinning box, or a dematerializing box..
the ship's engines in it's own dimension are massive and like a warp drive system which bends space and time around the police box.. this moves the police box about space and it can accelerate space-time to move the police box into a time vortex ( a hyperspace or subspace type of travel) ..this has to be done by dematerializing the box into this realm, and it thrusts the ship in to a warp like state, which jolts it..
here are the simple things to remember..
the tardis console room when powered is the first link to the outer reality.. and is the first place something would end up if crashing into the Tardis police box..(Voyage of the damned)
The Tardis can fly in normal space like a jet, but requires precise control (the runaway bride)
if the Tardis outside is laid on it's back the entire ship in the alternate dimension will also slide back on it's side..(the 11th hour)
However, the Tardis comes with a device that adjusts the ship's interior to remain level when the ship lands and if the outside police box ends up on it's side, the interior is still right side up..(nyssa uses it at some point, I forget the episode)
The tardis uses a fluid like system with a liquid power system, rather then wires..the fluid has the particles which allow the energy to move at a more efficient state then wires, and allows the energy to remain at a constant and not suffer from energy degradation..
Artron energy is the reaction of the energy from the cloister core, and the particles given off by the dynamorphic generators ( massive crystals which absorb energy particles form the universe and act like a generator producing additional energy for the ship.) it is stated that these crystal power rooms are so massive that the doctor can look up and see storm clouds above them..
the Tardis has a basic frame work of what resembles victorian steel work..this is present just before a room is produced around it..
If the Tardis is shaken, then the entire capsule of space that the Tardis ship exists in is shaken as well.. which is why the Tardis has dimensional stabilizers to help it remain still and safe..these generators also keep the dimension particles the same length from each other to keep the size of the ship at a constant equilibrium to our spacial reality.. Basically
Our space has expansion, and size, and depth.. as our space is expanding and contracting in areas, it always has a scale.. when the Tardis seals itself off from our space time in it's own capsule, there is no scale, or space expansion, and time has no reference..the ship is inside an effective bubble..
so the ship has to use it's power source, the cloister room, to expand the ship's particles through block math computations, to match our real space.. other wise the Tardis interior would look smaller then the outside..this is controlled by a monitor device on the console.. as the tardis exists our reality and renters it, that detector measures the space and expansions in space, and then relay's that info to the computer which adjusts the tardis to the outside's parameters..this has to be done everytime the ship lands..the Tardis is constantly harmonizing itself to normal space..should this function become compromised the ship's interior will become a different size..(the time meddler)
this sensor also affects the size of the computations used to determine the chameleon circuit's outside scale.. hence why the police box is sometimes larger and smaller then it should be..the fourth doctor and Adric tried to get those computations and dimensions corrected by measuring a real police box..(Logopolis)
the cloister room core is a block math transfer copy of the eye of harmony, and is also a heart of a black hole, a singularity..this has the ability to warp the spacial dimension which the ship exists in, and must be controlled by the computer to direct the graviton particles and maintain the bubble and scale the ship exists in..and match the scale the ship opens up to..
the copy of the eye is charged with energy from the original, and then both eye's of harmony are used to bend space much like a black hole does, only the copy eye is sealed in it's own bubble of space-time, while the original also bends space-time around the copy..creating a bubble.. then a breach is created into this bubble and held in a force field, which is then converted into matter, and a door is constructed around those particles, which makes the doorway (on a subatomic level) the breach into that dimension..
it would be like taking the particles of a portal and mixing cement around them, and then making a doorway out of it.. the cement is now touchable, and tangible and not just energy.. but matter, and still able to transport you to the other realm..
how does the Tardis access this particle doorway? easily it powers up through the control console and matches those door particles which establishes the gateway lock.. this can be duplicated all over the ship from any console room, but can only be accessed one at a time...because the console room has to be powered up to access the gateway. only 1 console room is powered up at a time..
basically if you left the current console room and shut it down to use an older model, the gateway would cease to work in the current model, and the classic gateway would then begin to work in that classic console room..
the Tardis can jettison rooms, but when it does it converts the rooms matter back into energy which can be directed into the time vortex and used for thrust..the matter array is what creates the rooms, and the time lords on Gallifrey also had this ability, but they have to make sure that the calculations to construct matter is correct in order to produce the materials needed..(the Invasion of time-the lead plating of the president's private room)
imagine the central section in a bronze colour, and the rest in a golden reddish time lord colour.. then the side panels which house the columns which resemble the classic tardis from the baker-sylvestri era..in gray and white..the ship could add or remove tardis rooms if you wanted, and also light up in key areas making that tardis vrrrrrooop vrrrrop sound! 
