As I see it, Sybok's surviving a direct (!!!) attack by a photon torpedo could've been most easily achieved ... in any number of intriguing ways. His adventures could've continued ... only, this time, armed with a new attitude because of his "god" encounter ... a new approach to setting people free. The possibilities are without limit. For example:
Considering his mind-connection abilities with the creature from TFF, he could've easily been in contact with the Thalosians. Had Sybok become "... a mass of dying flesh" as Vina was, surely, they could've had him rescued and delivered to their planet, to live out a Life of Illusion. But I prefer that he survived with his body -- and his pride -- intact. Blackened & dischevelled, but ready for more adventures ...