As I said, the primary disadvantage of bullets is that they run out. In terms of the energy they can deliver, remember that's proportional to the square of the velocity. If Galactica's railguns can produce projectiles moving at even a small fraction of the speed of light, that's going to deliver a massive amount of energy.
A 1-gram bullet accelerated to c/10 would deliver 8.987 * 10^5 megajoules of energy. I don't know precisely how much a phaser blast is supposed to deliver, but I don't recall Star Trek often using prefixes larger than "mega" when referring to Joules.....
While there are many other factors in play, some people really need to get over the "energy weapons completely outclass projectiles" fallacy.
Bullets won't HIT. The problem with objects, is that they are susceptible to energies, most notably gravity no matter how fast they go. (And the ship going at warp speeds is going much faster than close to light.) A starship's navigational shields are built entirely for the purpose of bending objects away from the ship so they never hit. Bullets will simply be veered off course by the navigational shields, and pass left, right, up and down by the starships, never hitting anything.
Lasers, similarly, would simply be bent aside by the same shields.
Phasers aren't simply energy weapons - they can be fired at warp speeds - they are SUBSPACE energy weapons. They carry a subspace component that allows them to penetrate navigational shields and the deflector shields.
The Battlestar's weapons will never hit the starship or its shields. What would happening would be the Battlestar crew and fighter pilot watching in shocked awe, as their bullets as they came closer to the starship simply bend off course and pass the starship by. They'd be watching with utter dread at the realization that not only are their weapons not powerful enough to hurt the starship, they can't even hit it!
That's not to mention the sheer amount of ECM that a Starship could throw up. It'd be like EarthForce versus the Minbari. The Battlestar wouldn't even be able to target the Enterprise; if the starship allowed itself even to get close enough to detect. It's worse, really, with EarthForce if they could target the Minbari they could at least hit and hurt them. Here, even if the Enterprise would allow the Galactica to target it, they can't hit.
The Battlestar is so far outclassed it isn't even funny - actually it might be SO far outclassed, it'll come out the other end and be funny even hilarious again.