I would imagine some words from various languages have crossed over into Federation Standard/English, but there would be plenty of examples of words and whole phrases that it would be improbable to have crossed over. A few off the top of my head:
It would have been awkward in TNG when Picard was trying to boost the spirits of the children he was with in Disaster if the UT translated "Brother Jack, are you sleeping"
In TNG's "Lower Decks," Worf tries to get Ensign Sito to realize that she was being treated unfairly for her past transgressions by making up a Klingon test that he labels in Klingon something like "battle to the death." The UT doesn't translate the name of the ritual into Standard, and Sito only belatedly puts togehter the true meaning of the phrase after she realizes the real lesson. When she confronts him about it, he's like, "Ah, you speak Klingon."
Anyway, didn't mean to start a long digression. Just noting that the UT is taking a coffee break when all this pidgin is being used.