^ I'm guessing (could be wrong, so excuse if so) that your view is a bit... broader... than what in general any military academy (or even non-military 'academy') is geared towards.
What you're describing is more of a strategic vision of a Starfleet education program. In RL, at least, that's what we have.
My school had one overarching mission -- produce quality future officers. To do so, you can a broad degree of exposure to most of the missions of the services, the types of jobs the various ranks & rates do on a daily basis, and the aforementioned Bachelor's degree. Along with the leadership studies, etc., that's a good
start. (Emphasis on the last word.)
Once you're out in the fleet/active duty, there's no stopping (and active encouragement) to continue learning. There's a plethora of various programs designed & offered to send you to other colleges/universities for you to earn a Master's or PHd if desired, certifications for whatever, etc. They're not part of the Academy, but run by the Human Resources branch (which the Academy falls under).
Indeed, I can attest (after serving on a couple of selection & promotion boards) that if someone hasn't continued their education somehow... My "warning light" goes off, and that particular individual's file goes over to (what I call) the "Grey Pile", i.e. neither a guaranteed "winner" nor "loser" for that selection board, but one that warrants further scrutiny & questioning as to WHY that individual hasn't pursued anything.
So, to summarize -- a modern military academy is very focused on one goal, i.e. developing/nurturing future officers. The various enlisted schools, including boot camp, have the same thing -- develop future enlisted personnel with the rudimentary knowledge to do well from the start out in the fleet. In short, "give them enough to survive, then it's their decision to go forward or not."
(And no, that's not a "down-check" to any enlisted people out there, as there's no way in heck I could do some of the things you guys & gals accomplish on a regular basis.)
As for Neelix -- he was definitely a fish out of water, since he was alongside crew who had been around the level of tech VOY had onboard pretty much most of their lives, or at least exposed to it in some way, shape, or form.
It's very similar to what we're finding now with the latest generation, actually. For instance, the machinery control system for our latest cutter is a 'typical' GUI / mouse system on the operator/surface level. The first words out of the System Operator Course instructor's mouth are basically, 'Grab the mouse and play for 2 hours. THEN we'll talk.'
Hope this makes sense -- I haven't had coffee yet this morning, so bear with me.
Cheers,
-CM-